HOW EINSTEIN DEMONSTRATED HIS MONUMENTAL CONFUSION ABOUT THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT

Am 27. Juli 2009 erhielt ich vom Institut „Cosmos Publications“ mit E-Mail folgenden, sehr wichtigen Beitrag (PREAMBLE) mit dem Betreff: „The Empirical Invalidity of Einstein’s Special Relativity“ zugesandt. Dieser Beitrag ist deshalb besonders wichtig, weil der Autor sich die Mühe gemacht hat, die von der Princeton University Press herausgegebenen „Collected Papers of Albert Einstein“ auszuwerten. Er weist vor allem hin auf Einsteins Arbeit: „The Principle Ideas of the Theory of Relativity“ (1917).
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Zitat:

PREAMBLE:
HOW EINSTEIN DEMONSTRATED HIS MONUMENTAL CONFUSION ABOUT THE VELOCITY OF LIGHT

A. Einstein mis-described Maxwell’s law for the constant velocity of a light ray at c through a vacuum. Instead, Einstein described the changing velocity of a light ray with respect to a linearly moving body of reference.

Einstein’s 1905 Special Theory of Relativity is primarily about the velocity of a ray of light when it is emitted from a material body (such as a flashlight) and then travels (or ‘transmits‘) through the vacuum of empty space.

Forty years before Einstein wrote his Special Theory, in 1865 to be precise, Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell was able to deduce from light experiments that the velocity of a light ray transmitting through a vacuum was about 300,000 kilometers per second. That same year, Maxwell wrote a scientific paper which described his theory about the velocity of light when it transmits through a vacuum.

Maxwell’s theory described a ray of light which constantly transmits from its material emitting body through the medium of a vacuum at the velocity of about 300,000 km/s². (see Maxwell, 1865, A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field [The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell (1890), Vol. 1, pp. 579 – 580, Dover Publications]) Such constant velocity is now generally referred to by the algebraic symbol of ‘c,‘ and it is considered to be a law of nature.

Maxwell’s law for the constant transmission velocity of light at c can also be characterized as an abstract velocity because, unlike the velocity of a material body, it is not theoretically described relative to a material body. It is only theoretically described relative to its medium of a vacuum…which is nothing. (see our Chapter 6A)

For several reasons, Einstein did not understand Maxwell’s above described theory for the constant transmission velocity of a light ray through a vacuum. Instead Einstein assumed that the velocity of a transmitting light ray must be described relative to a material body (sometimes called a ‘body of reference‘), which body might be moving linearly toward or away from the light ray.

The primary reason that Einstein did not understand Maxwell’s theory was most likely because he never read Maxwell’s 1865 treatise. Einstein only read about Maxwell’s algebraic equations for electromagnetic waves of radiation (light). From Maxwell’s equations, Einstein could only have understood that c was Maxwell’s emission velocity of a light ray emitted from a material body (i.e. a flashlight) in a vacuum. He could not have realized from such equations what Maxwell’s velocity of such light ray was when it transmitted relative to something else. Therefore, without reading Maxwell’s treatise, Einstein must have mis-assumed that Maxwell’s equations for light (like the equations for mechanics) must be described with respect to a material body of reference. Only if Einstein had taken the time to read Maxwell’s 1865 treatise would he have realized that Maxwell’s velocity c was described in the abstract, and was not described with respect to a material body of reference. The above misassumption and Einstein’s careless blunder (not having read Maxwell’s 1865 treatise) resulted in Einstein’s major false premise upon which all of his Special Theory of Relativity was based.

In early 1917, Einstein wrote a very revealing but little-known paper, entitled The Principle Ideas of the Theory of Relativity, which specifically describes: 1) his total misunderstanding and confusion concerning Maxwell’s theory for the velocity of light in a vacuum, and 2) the major false premise upon which his Special Theory of Relativity was based. (Einstein, early 1917, The Principle Ideas of the Theory of Relativity [Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 7, pp. 3 – 6, Princeton University Press]) In such 1917 paper, Einstein described the following thought experiment.

„Based upon many experiments, physicists became convinced that light propagates through empty space at a speed of c = 300,000 kilometers per second, entirely independent of the velocity of the body that emits this light. Imagine a ray of light sent by the sun in a distinct direction. According to the law just stated, this ray travels a distance of c per second. Now imagine the sun later hurls a body into space such that it flies with a velocity of 1,000 kilometers per second in the same direction as the ray of light. This is easy to imagine. We now can similarly imagine this projected body as an alternative body of reference and ask ourselves what is the propagation velocity of light in the judgment of an observer who does not sit on the sun but rather on the projected body? The answer seems simple. When the hurled body runs after the light at 1,000 kilometers per second, the ray of light advances against it by only 299,000 kilometers per second.“ (Id., pp. 3 – 4)

(Zitatende)

Den vollständigen Beitrag finden Sie hier!

Der Autor nennt außerdem folgende Internetadresse: http://www.relativityoflight.com/

Beste Grüße Ekkehard Friebe